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Poster
in
Workshop: 2nd Workshop on Mathematical and Empirical Understanding of Foundation Models

Transformers' Spectral Bias and The Symmetric Group

Itay Lavie · Guy Gur-Ari · Zohar Ringel


Abstract:

We study inductive bias in transformers in the infinitely over-parameterized kernel limit and argue transformers tend to be biased towards more permutation symmetric functions in sequence space. We show that the representation theory of the symmetric group can be used to give quantitative analytical predictions when the dataset is symmetric to permutations between tokens.We present a simplified transformer block and solve the model at the limit, including accurate predictions for the learning curves and network outputs. We show that in common setups, one can derive tight bounds in the form of a scaling law for the learnability as a function of the context length. Finally, we argue WikiText dataset, does indeed possess a degree of permutation symmetry.

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