NesyProAct: Proactive Neural-Symbolic Control for Web Agents

Web-based language agents operate under severe partial observability, where the semantic divergence between internal state assumptions and the ground-truth environment is often unobservable. Consequently, agents frequently maintain high-level reasoning coherence over misgrounded states, causing errors to compound as subsequent decisions are conditioned on silently invalidated premises. We present NesyProAct, a proactive neural-symbolic agentic decision framework that transforms conventional ReAct-style web agents from reactive prompting pipelines into execution-aware decision processes. NesyProAct exposes a typed symbolic decision interface over states, actions, transitions, and subgoals, enabling LLM-based agents to automatically compose and reason over execution semantics across decision hierarchies. From this interface, programmatic verification logic is synthesized online to evaluate step-level executability and progress, with verification outcomes directly regulating decision evolution through targeted grounding interventions. As a result, execution feedback is integrated into planning itself, allowing agents to maintain semantic alignment under partial observability rather than propagating unverified assumptions. On WebArena, NesyProAct achieves a 17.8% overall improvement over strong skill-induction agentic web framework ASI across six domains. NesyProAct also achieves noticeable performance when reasoning with small models GPT-4o-mini, with 5.1% gain over ASI with Claude-3.5.