Flowing Through States: Neural ODE Regularization for Reinforcement Learning

Neural networks applied to sequential decision-making tasks typically rely on latent representations of environment states. While environment dynamics dictate how semantic states evolve, the corresponding latent transitions are usually left implicit, leaving room for misalignment between the two. We propose to model latent dynamics explicitly by drawing an analogy between Markov decision process (MDP) trajectories and ordinary differential equation (ODE) flows: in both cases, the current state fully determines its successors. Building on this view, we introduce a neural ODE–based regularization method that enforces latent embeddings to follow consistent ODE flows, thereby aligning representation learning with environment dynamics. Although broadly applicable to deep learning agents, we demonstrate its effectiveness in reinforcement learning by integrating it into Actor–Critic algorithms, where it yields major performance gains across various standard Atari benchmarks for A2C as well as gridworld environments for PPO.